The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the correct nutritional status on pre-school children in Korea. Furthermore, it made an attempt to find and define nutrional problems, and assist in establishment on their nutritional improvement plan.
For this, food intake and health condition. (physical, clinical, biochemical and parasitological) survey on 109 pre-school children in both sexes, randomly selected from Yang-Gu area in Gang-Won province and Rea-ju area in Kyong-gy Province, were conducted by means of three-day records, during the two pericds of Spring and Fall season in 1975.
The results obtained are summerized as follows:
1. The food intake;
Average food intake of the subjects per day were 508~6478 (83^-90/6 in vegetable foods and 5.5^11.7% in animal foods) in Yang-gu area, and 5876988 (88^89% in vegetable foods and 6.3^7.6% in animal foods) in Rea-ju area.
2. The intake of energy and nutrients;
a) Calory intake. Average energy intake of subjects per day in Yang-gu area(11201415 kcal; were all lower than the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) in either Spring and Fall survey, whereas the subjects in Rea-ju area were lower intake (1213^1418 kcal) than the RDA in the Spring but higher intake(15161755 kcal) than the RDA in the Fall, and the average intake were similar level with that of RDA.
b) Protein intake. Average protein intake of the subjects per day in Yang-gu area (33439 girl subjects in Rea-ju area (35^39 g) were lower than the RDA in either Spring and Fall survey, whereas the boy subjects in Rea-ju area(36~38 g) were lower in Spring and higher (49^57 g) in the Fall than that of the RDA, but the average (43^47 g) were similar level with the RDA. The protein intake from animal sources in all subjects were much lower (5.5^11.7% of total protein) than the RDA.
c) Fat intake. Average fat intake were very lower in all subjects of both area (14^24 g in
Yang-gu,/10129 in Rea-ju) than that of RDA which is recommended 12^-14% of total energy to be supplied from fat.
d) Calcium intake. Average calcium intake were very low in all subjects of both area (264^ 355 mg in Yang-gu and 283^-429 mg in Rea-ju), especially, these in Spring were about a half level of the RDA, and it was much increased in the Fall due to increased intake of milk, but it was still not enough than the RDA.
e) Vitamin A intake. Average intake of V-A (703^1465 IU in Ynag-gu and 7501521 IU in Rea-ju) were also lower than the RDA, moreover their V-A sources were mainly vegetable, so that the V-A supply might be critical one for the subjectd.
f) Riboflavin intake. Average riboflavin intake on all subjects in both area except boys in. Rea-ju area in Fall, were very lower than the RDA.
3. The physical status;
a) Average weight and height of boys aged 4 and 5 in Yang-gu area and girls of aged 5 in Rea-ju area were lower than those of Korean Standard of 1967 report, but those by age of girls in Yang-gu area and boys in Rea-ju area were a little heigher than the Korean Standard. It is, hower, present Korean standard of physical status might be somehow heigherthan the 1967, since the socio-economical situation has been much improved during past a decade. So that, if one considered on this sense, the physical status of the su jects on this. survey might be somehow lower than those of present Korean standard.
b) Average upper arm circumference in both area were no difference each other, and their mean values of age 4, 5 and 6 in boy and girl were 15. 6, 16.:5, 16.4 and 15. 5, 16. 5, 16.4 cm respectively.
c) Average chest girth of boys were similar to those of Korean standard whereas the girls. were smaller than the Korea standard. The average head circumference also showed similar tendency with the chest girth.
4. The clinical findings;
The most popular clinical signs were angular stoniatitis and dental caries, and boys had more heigher incidence then the girls.
5. The biochemical findings;
a) Hemoglobin and anemia. Average Hb value of boys and girls were 11.4 and 10.9g per 100 ml of blood respectively. The incidence of anemia "Hb value below 11 g/100 ml, by WHO) was increased by age, and ;iris had more heigher incidence than the boy `34% : 4850). The incidence of anemia in age of 4, 3, and 6 in boys and girls were 23%, 41,0o 34 0> and 33,o, 50,0, 49% respectively. The degree of the anemia was not severe, and the anemia of these subjects may be caused mainly low intake of better quality protein and low iron intake as well.
b) Hematocrit. Average Ht value of whole subject were 39.9^-41.60.
c) Biood plasma protein. Average blood plasma protein contents of whole subjects ~xere 6.6^
7. 4 gm per 100 ml. The incidence- of deficient range <´6. ogo, by ICNND´, was only one girl of age 4 in yang vu area.
6. Parasitological findgs;
t The most popular parasitism were asicris lumbicoides and trichocephalus trichiura, and about 2/3 of the whole subjects were suffering one or more of these parasitism.
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